�Ǹ�Թ� Technology

�Ǹ�Թ� technology patented donor-acceptor systems which leverages years of innovation and developed in Preece and Robinson group in University of Birmingham. To date �Ǹ�Թ� have synthesised ~100 compounds which has allowed us to obtain a detailed understanding of the molecular factors which control:

Absorption

�Ǹ�Թ� technology allows chemically modify donor molecular structure in order to tune the absorbance for specific properties.

High absorption extinction coefficients – ~100 000 M^-1 cm^-1 and l_max, ~30 000 M^-1 cm^-1 @ 355 nm

Absorbance spectrums of two donor cores used in �Ǹ�Թ� molecules for 355 nm (**CTUV**) and 405 nm (**CTV**) laser excitations.

Due to large aromatic area, �Ǹ�Թ� materials are suitable for multi-photon absorption experiments. To read more about this, go to Multiphoton Microscopy section.

Emission

�Ǹ�Թ� technology based on donor-acceptor system is very chemically flexible allows to incorporate different groups onto the molecular systems. Thus, to date �Ǹ�Թ� have over 100 different compounds with emission covering the whole visible spectrum from blue to red (with further development on-going to move redder).

Brightness

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials have high fluorescence Quantum Yield (30-70%).

Coupled with a high molar absorptivity of ≈ 100000 which resulting in bright emission. This high brightness leads to a high sensitivity allowing for the detection of small quantities of fluorophore ≈ 10^-9 M

At 10 nanomolar solutions of fluorescent dyes are colourless under ambient light, but emit brightly under UV light.

Stability

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials have exceptional stability in solution for long periods of time.

Solubility

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials have good solubility in a range of organic solvents.

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials can be dispersed in aqueous solvents and aqueous buffers via pre-dissolution in organic solvent such as DMSO.

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials are soluble in: Chloroform, Tetrahydrofuran (THF), Dichloromethane (DCM), Toluene, Cyclohexanone, Cyclohexane, Di-ethyl ether, Ethyl Acetate, Acetone.

Thermal Stability

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials show exception molecular stability in solid with most dyes having >250^oC thermal stability.

TGA measurement of TpOx-Bu (Violet), TpOx-Ph (Blue), TpOx-2-Nap (Green), TpOx-1-Nap (Yellow) and TpOx-2-An (Orange).

Processability

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent materials have good processability into polymer matrices via spin coating, melting and 3D printing, whilst maintaining fluorescence.

3D printed resin with �Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent material.

Fabricated PMMA films with �Ǹ�Թ� fluorescent material (TpOx-Ph) are colourless under ambient light, but emit brightly under UV light.

Reactive and Functional groups

�Ǹ�Թ� technology based on donor-acceptor system is very chemically flexible allows to incorporate different groups onto the molecular systems. Currently, �Ǹ�Թ� can incorporate reactive functional groups such as -CO₂H, -N₃, -NH₂, -active esters, -SH, -alkenes, -Br.

Furthermore, �Ǹ�Թ� technology is versatile platform to create new fluorescent probes for analyte sensing application.

�Ǹ�Թ� fluorophores:

Undergo fluorescence quenching in the presence of electron deficient aromatics
Undergo fluorescent modulation upon binding metal cations in an appended crown ether moiety
Undergo fluorescence shifts upon modulation of the subphase pH

Fluorescence shifts upon modulation of the subphase pH.

Fluorescence shifts upon modulation of the subphase OH.

Fluorescent modulation upon binding metal cations in an appended crown ether moiety.

Fluorescence quenching in the presence of electron deficient aromatics.

Discotic Liquid Crystalline Properties

�Ǹ�Թ� materials display Hexagonal Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystal (DLC) mesophases – a state of matter intermediate between liquid and solid. This mesophase gives rise to an anisotropy in photophysical properties such as light polarisation, light emission and charge transport. In addition, �Ǹ�Թ� materials are able to form nanoparticles and nanowires.

Polarising Light Microscope Image of �Ǹ�Թ� material showing texture typical for a texture which is indicative of the hexagonal columnar mesophase reported by XRD.

Schematic representation of discotic molecule arrangement in **Hexagonal Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystal** mesophase.

In addition, �Ǹ�Թ� materials are able to form nanoparticles and nanowires.

Fluorescence microscope picture of self-assembled nanowires using TpOx-Ph �Ǹ�Թ� material.

Photoconductors

Triphenoxazoles are organic insulators with charge mobility around ~ 10^-3 cm²/Vs. When irradiated with UV light, �Ǹ�Թ� materials become photoconductors. The photocurrent display up to 2 orders of magnitude increase compared to the hexakis(alkyloxy)triphenylenes (TpH), which is the archetypical photoconductor.

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�Ǹ�Թ� Technology

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